Author: Rebuffi, Pierre, 1487-1557, ed
Image Title: Testons of Europe
Description: This page features a collection of sixteen-century coins from Western Europe. The first coin in the left column features a bear, symbol of Bern, and a portrait of Bern's patron saint, Vincent of Saragossa (d. 304). Below that is a coin of Fribourg, Switzerland, featuring patron saint Nicholas of Myra (of the fourth century) and the city arms. The next coin, of Sion, Switzerland, depicts Sion's patron saint Theodore, bishop of Sitten (fourth century), wielding a sword and crosier against a dragon; the reverse contains a coat of arms, apparently that of Nicholas of Sion, a sixth-century bishop. The remaining four coins of the left column are Italian: the first bears a portrait of Alfonso I d'Este, duke of Ferrara (r. 1505-1534); the next two feature Ludovico Sforza (r. 1494-1499) with the arms of House Sforza and Galeazzo Maria Sforza (1466-1476) with the arms of House Visconti; finally, a Genoese coin bears inscriptions with the names of King Louis XII of France (r. 1498-1515) and King Conrad III of Germany (r. 1138-1152).
The right column begins with a Portuguese coin bearing the name and arms of King John III of Portugal. The next two coins contain portraits of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V (r. 1519-1556); the second of these also features his personal motto PLVS VLTRA. Below these, appears a coin with Prince of Piedmont Emmanuel Philibert, along with the arms of his office. Philibert also held the title "Duke of Savoy," and his predecessor in this office, Charles III (r. 1504-1553), appears on the coin below, along with the arms of Savoy. The page's final coin features a portrait of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V as duke of Guelders; the arms of Lorraine appear on the reverse.
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